Download blood and urine biomarker lists:
Clinically validated blood biomarkers
| Cholesterol | |
| Total cholesterol | mmol/l |
| VLDL cholesterol mmol/l | mmol/l |
| Clinical LDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| HDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides | |
| Triglycerides | mmol/l |
| Fatty acids | |
| Total fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Omega-6 fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Saturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | mmol/l |
| Linoleic acid | mmol/l |
| Fatty acid ratios | |
| Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids | % |
| Apolipoproteins | |
| Apolipoprotein B | g/l |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | g/l |
| Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 | ratio |
| Amino acids | |
| Alanine | mmol/l |
| Glycine | mmol/l |
| Histidine | mmol/l |
| Branched-chain amino acids | |
| Total concentration of branched-chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine) | mmol/l |
| Isoleucine | mmol/l |
| Leucine | mmol/l |
| Valine | mmol/l |
| Aromatic amino acids | |
| Phenylalanine | mmol/l |
| Tyrosine | mmol/l |
| Glycolysis related metabolites | |
| Glucose | mmol/l |
| Lactate | mmol/l |
| Fluid balance | |
| Creatinine | mmol/l |
| Albumin | g/l |
| Inflammation | |
| Glycoprotein acetyls | mmol/l |
All blood biomarkers
| Cholesterol | |
| Total cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Total cholesterol minus HDL-C | mmol/l |
| Remnant cholesterol (non-HDL, non-LDL -cholesterol) | mmol/l |
| VLDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Clinical LDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| LDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| HDL cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides | |
| Total triglycerides | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in LDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in HDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids | |
| Total phospholipids in lipoprotein particles | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in LDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters | |
| Total esterified cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol esters in VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol esters in LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol esters in HDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol | |
| Total free cholesterol | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in LDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in HDL | mmol/l |
| Total lipids | |
| Total lipids in lipoprotein particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in VLDL | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in LDL | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in HDL | mmol/l |
| Lipoprotein particle concentrations | |
| Total concentration of lipoprotein particles | mmol/l |
| Concentration of VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Concentration of LDL particles | mmol/l |
| Concentration of HDL particles | mmol/l |
| Lipoprotein particle sizes | |
| Average diameter for VLDL particles | nm |
| Average diameter for LDL particles | nm |
| Average diameter for HDL particles | nm |
| Other lipids | |
| Phosphoglycerides | mmol/l |
| Ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides | ratio |
| Total cholines | mmol/l |
Phosphatidylcholines | mmol/l |
| Sphingomyelins | mmol/l |
| Apolipoproteins | |
| Apolipoprotein B | g/l |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | g/l |
| Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 | ratio |
| Fatty acids | |
| Total fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Degree of unsaturation | degree |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Omega-6 fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Saturated fatty acids | mmol/l |
| Linoleic acid | mmol/l |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | mmol/l |
| Fatty acid ratios | |
| Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids | % |
| Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids | ratio |
| Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids | ratio |
| Amino acids | |
| Alanine | |
| Glutamine | mmol/l |
| Glycine | mmol/l |
| Histidine | mmol/l |
| Branched-chain amino acids | |
| Total concentration of branded -chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine) | mmol/l |
| Isoleucine | mmol/l |
| Leucine | mmol/l |
| Valine | mmol/l |
| Aromatic amino acids | |
| Phenylalanine | mmol/l |
| Tyrosine | mmol/l |
| Glycolysis related metabolites | |
| Glucose | mmol/l |
| Lactate | mmol/l |
| Pyruvate | mmol/l |
| Citrate ** | mmol/l |
| Glycerol * | mmol/l |
| Ketone bodies | |
| 3-Hydroxybutyrate | mmol/l |
| Acetate | mmol/l |
| Acetoacetate | mmol/l |
| Acetone | mmol/l |
| Fluid balance | |
| Creatinine | mmol/l |
| Albumin | g/l |
| Inflammation | |
| Glycoprotein acetyls | mmol/l |
| Lipoprotein subclasses | |
| Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL (particle diameters from 75 nm upwards) | |
| Concentration of chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Very large VLDL (average diameter 64 nm) | |
| Concentration of very large VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in very large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Large VLDL (average diameter 53.6 nm) | |
| Concentration of large VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in large VLDL | mmol/l |
| Medium VLDL (average diameter 44.5 nm) | |
| Concentration of medium VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in medium VLDL | mmol/l |
| Small VLDL (average diameter 36.8 nm) | |
| Concentration of small VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Very small VLDL (average diameter 31.3 nm) | |
| Concentration of very small VLDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in very small VLDL | mmol/l |
| IDL (average diameter 28.6 nm) | |
| Concentration of IDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in IDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in IDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in IDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in IDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in IDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in IDL | mmol/l |
| Large LDL (average diameter 25.5 nm) | |
| Concentration of large LDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in large LDL | mmol/l |
| Medium LDL (average diameter 23 nm) | |
| Concentration of medium LDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in medium LDL | mmol/l |
| Small LDL (average diameter 18.7 nm) | |
| Concentration of small LDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in small LDL | mmol/l |
| Very large HDL (average diameter 14.3 nm) | |
| Concentration of very large HDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in very large HDL | mmol/l |
| Large HDL (average diameter 12.1 nm) | |
| Concentration of large HDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in large HDL | mmol/l |
| Medium HDL (average diameter 10.9 nm) | |
| Concentration of medium HDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in medium HDL | mmol/l |
| Small HDL (average diameter 8.7 nm) | |
| Concentration of small HDL particles | mmol/l |
| Total lipids in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Phospholipids in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesterol in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Cholesteryl esters in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Free cholesterol in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Triglycerides in small HDL | mmol/l |
| Relative lipoprotein lipid concentrations | |
| Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL | % |
| Very large VLDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL | % |
| Large VLDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large VLDL | % |
| Medium VLDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL | % |
| Small VLDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small VLDL | |
| Very small VLDL ratios | % |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL | % |
| IDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in IDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in IDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in IDL | % |
| Large LDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large LDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large LDL | % |
| Medium LDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium LDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium LDL | % |
| Small LDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small LDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small LDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small LDL | % |
| Very large HDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large HDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large HDL | % |
| Large HDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large HDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large HDL | % |
| Medium HDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium HDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL | % |
| Small HDL ratios | |
| Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small HDL | % |
| Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL | % |
| Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small HDL | % |
| Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL | % |
| Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small HDL | % |
All listed biomarkers are available for Serum and Heparin plasma samples.
Biomarkers marked with * are not available for EDTA plasma samples.
Biomarkers marked with ** are not available for Citrate plasma samples.
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